Indianapolis Recorder, Indianapolis, Marion County, 7 July 1945 Edition 02 — Page 67

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THE INDIANAPOLIS RECORDER "VICTORY - PROGRESS EDITION"

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ALL ANTIQUITY PERVADED

BLACK RACE

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^20,000 YEARS AGO Negroid Grimaldi Lived In European Countries

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By JOSEPH C. CARROLL, PH.D. CIVILIZATIONS of Negroes or Negroid people are very old and older than Greece and Rome or many kingdoms or empires preceding these nations. There are good evidences to support such neglected facts of history, but archaeologists and historians of the last two hundred years have avoided generally such facts, in building heroic and ancient traditions for the dominant people of the world of their

own times.

For a long time historians were influenced by the Biblical account of creation, and therefore,

were inclined to think of man as

PALAENTHROPUS, or Prehistoric Man of Palestine. Nothing is known of-the skin complexion or the texture of the hair of the primitive man. There are no surviving Traces. The hair was likely of the type of the HottentotBushman of Africa. (Photo courtesy “Illustrated London News,” and J. A. Rogers.)

Historical Particulars Oppose Bible Tradition

Following the introduction of the Negro into America as a slave the people of the South wished to justify the continuance of slavery after the end of the Revolutionary War. The doctrine of the natural rights of man made slaveholding a little bit contrary to the Declaration of Independence and the spirit of the Constitution of the Republic.. Some masters decided that the Negro was not human—he was a beast—and the phrase, “all men are created equal’’ in the Declara-

of whose empire are the earliest known to history, which do not indicate that he suffered any evil effects from the “Divine curse” theory. The third son of Ham was “Phut” or Libya, whose earliest habitat was the site of the present Morocco. ‘ It seems that the earliest use of the word Africa referred only to Libya, or the country to the “West.”

he warmest part of the day.

Henson At Pole First

Henson went ahead of Peary nost of the time with two Esimos to “break the trail”. One vould think that a trail in the Arcic soon would be blotted out by •vind and snow, but Henson said that the opposite was true. He de- 1 •dared that the hard-packed tracks of the sledges stood out plainly for

weeks—sometimes months.

Henson said that the compasses for determining directions were valuless as they neared the Pole. He had one on his wrist and one on the sledge. When the compasses became useless he claims to have judged directious from the ridges. These, he explained, ran east and west and that a due north line would cut them at right angles. On the morning of April 6 Peary was three-quarters of an hour behind when Henson reached the Pole. In fact he had crossed it. By error he found that he had traveled a considerable distance south when Peary arrived and began making calculations, Henson taking the notes at Peary’s dictation. Upon the completion of his observations, Peary’s physical strength came near breaking down

completely.

Critics Score Henson There was much controversy over the fact that Peary had made Henson rather than some white member of his party his chief assistant on this famous expedition. There were persons who blamed the discoverer publicly for his choice, but their criticism was without

justification.

Henson was the one indispensable man among the Americans who accompanied Peary. He "as

having his beginning on this eartn not more than six thousand years ago. But in modern times, • the science of archaeologists and the theory of evolution have changed our conception about the age of man on this earth. With new information and new means of verification of this information, we have come to appreciate the antiquity of man, and the long reaches of his history back into the dim and comparatively unknown past. The far antiquity of the black race it evidenced in fragmentary monuments and statues of the^ most ancient archaeological discoveries in southern and southeastern Europe, North Africa and Asia or southern Asia. The history of the black race is a longer story, but Negroid gods found in temples of these regions are~ evidences of distinguished Negroid people who lived any time from 10,000 to 25,000 years ago. Again it is hardly likely that these early people would have made their gods

so unlike themselves.

Some archaeologists or historians contend that Negro people came from the Orient and settled at some remote prehistoric period in the region now covered by the Indian Ocean. From this place in great waves of migrations they moved into what is Africa and mingled with the races they found there. Other peoples came from the north and the Ethiopians from the east, forming new races later to be known as Negroids. Other theories- of the origin of the race state that long before the earliest age of man a dark-skinned or Negro people once lived in portions of

Other discoveries in Africa include the Kanjera Skulls, estimated as those of men who lived there a half-million years ago. These skulls are believed tp be the earliest form of Homo Sapiens yet discovered, and represent a very early type of African Negro. It is also believed that the ancestral form of all modern races— all being embraced under the form Homo Sapiens—was evolved in Africa. Some historians contend that modern man, leaving Africa, gradually colonized the rest of the world, ousting the older and cruder forms of humanity and becoming differentiated into races as he spread. It is clear that the most reasonable explanation of the appearance of the Negro form of mankind in East Africa at this early stage is the theory of a parallel evolution. The same thing happened in Africa as happened in other parts of the world.

Negroes 20,000. Years Ago Modern man, In considering the

antiquity of humanity, is dated back to 25,000 or 30,000 years by archaeologists or able research historians. The Cro-Magnon Man, an ancestor of the European people of later times, entered upon the scene about this time. Little or nothing commending his existence has been discovered. About the same time the CroMagnon Man is supposed to have existed, a Negroid people known as the Grimaldi lived jn southern Europe. Dr. Huggins, in his book, “An Introduction to African Civilizations,” says, “t^ie Grimaldi covered southeastern, southern and southwestern Europe/’ The book notes that the Grimaldi left a primary African base for art in ancient Greece and a secondary base for color in Austria, Italy, France and Spain. Works of art left by the Grimaldi in caves at Bessepoy in southern France include roughly carved quartz, instruments, statues and bas-reliefs dating back 20,000 years ago or longer. These works of art are found to be similar to types found in South Africa among the Hottentots and especially the Bushman branch.

dhrvings of about 15,000 years ago taken from models in the Museum d’Ethnologie, Paris. France.

There is no necessary break in the history of Negroid people of North Africa, or Africa, southern Europe and southern Asia but from the Grimaldi of 15,000 years ago we transpose the scene to Egypt, another land of noble Negroid people. “The estimate of the French Egyptologist, Chabas,g that the civilization of Egypt is at^ : least 11,000 years old should not be considered excessive,’’ Dr. Huggins says in his book “An Intro- : duction to African Civilizations.”

The great Sphinx Is a statue of the sun god Horus. It ^as been estimated to be at least 10,000 years old. The origin of the Sphinx is shrouded in mystery, but according to an inscription of Khufu it is re corded, “As being much older thaj the Great Pyrmaids. In addition 'l the direct evidence of Its antiquity' it is certain that if It had been erected by any of the historical kings of Egypt It would have been inscribed with hieroglyphics.

Manetho, a learned Egyptian Priest of the Temple of Sebennytus was commissioned by the king Ptolemy Philadelphug to write a history of Egypt from the earliest times up to their own time, the Third Century B.C. This history was lost but surviving fragments give his list of the kings of Egypt. The list divides the rulers of Egypt into 31 Dynasties. The Egyptians were a Negro people or strongly Negroid and monuments or statues of the rulers of eighteen dynasties testify to this fact.

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The first king of the first Dynasty is known as Aha-Mena or Menes. King Menes or the time of his reign was lost in the “History of Egypt” by Mantheo the Priest of the Temple of Sebennytus. However, he might have reigned as long ago as 5500 B.C. or in a more re-

mote time.

Black Pharaohs or Negroid rulers of Egypt, as evidenced in monuments or statues of them, include Cheops, the builder of the Great Pyramid of Gizeh. The Pyramid of Gizeh is one of the great monuments of all human history. The Great Pyramid contains a slab of

NEANDERTHAL MAN: A reconstruction o£ the type of early man found in southern Germany. He is a late predecessor ot modern man. His age according to some anthropologists dates back no farther than 30,000 to 50,000 years. (Photo courtesy Field Museum, Chicago, and J. A. Ro’gers.)

MOSES

Was He Jew. or Black Nobleman of Egypt?

The fourth son was Canaan, upon whose sable seed there was to be

mi 1 i

-nate stupidity was sufficient justi- conqllest ot the Ca ,unites, already ” ost as be,nE f °" e !' ith

ticatiou tor dotdtn, dim in ^ j MW

successful dash for the Pole. Hen-

amine the record of the children

Still others held that the Negro . of Canaan: namely, the Hittites, •was laboring under the disadvant- : the Jebusites, Amorites, Girgasites, age of a divine curse. They said Hivites, and the Gibeonites, all that since God had decreed that {tribes of one race, with whom the Negro should be a slave to his Joshua and his successors waged brethren, there was nothing they j wars, the story of which is related could do about it—in fact—it was j n the Old Testament.

thei£ religious duty to help God fulfill the prophecy of Noah by keeping the Negro in slavery. ‘

son was an expert in handling a sledge and driving a dog team. Whenever Peary met with any kind of a difficulty, he sent for Henson. He became a skilled maker of sledges, and he could speak the Eskimo language fluently, whereas

These records show that Joshua Peary himself knew only a few

did not attempt to conquer and enslave these people, but his purpose

Canaan Cursed ! was to exterminate and drive them This “Servant of Servants’’ the-j out of the land. The Biblical recory was based on the flood story ! ords declare that this was his diof the book of Genesis which was vine commission. Joshua extermithat Noah was drunk after the nated and drove out all the tribes

Theory of Evolution

Three of the greatest authorities on the antiquity of Negro people, J. A. Rogers, Dr. Willis N. Huggins and John G. Jackson, point out the migratory theory and the process of evolution in Africa and other parts of the world. The black race played truly a noble role in lifting man from the mist and fog of prehistoric ages into the light and

Thia similarity between the habits stone, in its interior, in length, or lives of the Grimaldi and the one ten-millionth of the distance natives of South Africa, particu- from either pole to the equator larly in their art, justifies a new | (the basis of the modern metric and unbiased appraisal of the an- system of measurement). Its

height is one-billionth of the distance from the earth to the sun, a measurement not accurately computed by modern scientists until 1874, which shows how far advanced were these black Egyp-

words of that tongue. It is quiie t j awn of cu iture and civilization, likely that no other American mem-1 w „ * . . her of the party knew how to talk . Th * Oldoway Man found ,n to the Eskimos, who were useful ‘ he Oldoway district of German

in various ways. On two occasions Henson saved Peary's life, and he became so wise in the difficulties

flood, and on© of his sons laughed except the'.Gibeonites who remained ' and necessities of the Arctic that

in the land, living among the He-1 Peary often would defer. to brews, and frequently rose in open | judgment and experience

revolt to dispute the former’s right of supremacy in the “promised

land.’’

at him. Noah awoke knowing the attitude of his son and said in rebuke of the conduct of this one, the descendants of Canaan should be servants of servants to their

brethren. Illustrious Canaan Advocates of this theory accepted The mo , t distinguished son of ! the 'historicity, and the universal- Canaan was Sidon from whom i ity of the flood bf Biblical lore. came the Phoenicians, a people They also overlooked the fact that ver , ed in t h e art , e f commerce the prophecy was not directed at and p eacetime p ur , u its; who

Peary Praises Henson

East Africa, in 1913, is fairly well established as the oldest type of man known to history.* It is believed that the Homo Sapiens and the great apes were living in Africa side by side from early Pleistocene times, or as far back as

tiquity and nobility of the African people. Along with works of art, skeletal remains found in the caves of the Grimaldi are definitely Negroid and of kindred type to

the native of Africa.

J. A. Rogers, eminent research historian has reproduced in his book Sex and Race, Vol. 1 an immortal piece of Negro art, "The World famous South African BasRelief of a White Rhinoceros with a swarm of Tick-Birds.” This art .work of people related to the Grimaldi, according to the “Illustrated London News” is probably closer to 50,000 than 25,000 years of 4 ago. In “Sex and Race”. Vol HI. Mr. Rogers reproduces two Grimaldi

By A STAFF CORRESPONDENT Eighteen black Pharaohs or kings of unmixed blood ruled in Egyptland. The most renowned of these Included Khufu or Cheops, builder of the Great Pyramid i at Gizeh; Ahk-en-Aten or

atick Researches!’, by F. Wilford: “Christ and Chrishna”, by John M. Robertson; “Biblican Myths”, by T. W* Doans, and “Biblical An-

thropology”, by H. J. D. Astley. Black Jews, In Our Times Today there are black Jews in

Akhenaton, founder of monothe- | ^° 1 rt ^. Africa and India. The ism, or the worship of one God; ^ a ^ as ^ as » or black Jews of Ethiand Piankhi, who ruled about 700 ; °Pi a » ar< - probably very ancient. B.C. The original people of A f- 1 Th L c y cal1 “Beta-Israel” rica were black people, even as ! ^the chosen people) and observe in oUr own times. | the Passover. They claim lineal . Egypt is in North Africa and descent from Abraham, Isaac and | black people arrived in Egvpt Jacob - References on this sub- \ from other sections of Africa/ or i e et include among other works, sometimes it has been asserted ‘ Tbe ** evv » b y Fishberg; from southern Asia. The Greeks ‘‘ Bo °k of the Beginnings’, by Ger-

tians in their •cientific speculations, back in those early times.

The structure is so situated that the parallel of longitude which passes through it traverses the most land and the .least sea of any

J lUIIl SCI U Lilt: I II A IIC J r* j t* ,, , and Romans or their mixed blood- Massey; “Sex and Race , oy ed predecessors probably did not A. Rogers, and Human His-

See Page 5, Col. 1

'ANTIQUITY PERVADED BY BLACK RACE"

set foot on Egyptian soil before 1500 B. C. The Sphinx, with its Negro features, has most likely looked down on “a hundred centuries of humanity.” However, there are other testimonies of the

tory”, by Elliott Smith.

Rogers says, “Biblical characters have falsified the physiognomy of the ancient Jews. We are all familiar with the scores of portraits offered to us as Christ. But

Peary said of his Negro aide, 1200,000 to 500,000 years. “Henson, with his years of Arctic | It is true that there has been experience, was almost as skillful much controversy among scholars (in ice technique) as an Eskimo, j as to which is the oldest type of He could handle dogs and sledges,, man yet found by archaeologists.

planted colonies along the North African littoral, including Garth-

Ham who had committed the offense, but at Canaan. However, the fulfilment of the prophecy was completed, even as far as Canaan

was concerned, t when the Israelites i a t er contended with Rome for the conquered the Canaanites under mas tery of the ancient Mediter-

and was part of tlWtraveling machine. Had f takei/ another member of the expedition also, he would have been a passenger.

necessitating the carrying of extra

, — - rations”. Peary assigned Henson age, whose Negroid warriors, un- | the j 0 b 0 f breaking in white assistder the leadership of Hannibal, a nts who were new to the Arctic

the leadership of Joshua, in 970

B.G.

According to the ethnological table preserved by Moses, the first on the list of the descendants of Ham is "Cush” (Kush) or Ethiopia, denoting the great and ancient kingdom south of Egypt, which covered the Nile Valley to/ the* Red Sea and stretched even into Arabia. By the middle of the Tenth century B. C. the land of Cush was more extensive, perhaps, including all Egypt. Historical Variations It was at this time that the Jewish King, Jeroboam, fled to the black Shishak, ruler of Egypt, for protection. In the army of Shishak were Cushites, and Sudanese, he was also the father-in-law of Solomon, the wise man, and one of Israel’s greatest kings. The Negroid Nimrod, Mighty Hunter, Wandering Conqueror, and empire builder, was a Cushite. He set up his government in Babylon, •nd brought the Negroid Elamites under his banner. The second issue of Ham, was llizaraim of Egypt, the memorials

ranean world. These Phoenicians became the teachers of the Greeks, and thus helped to lay the foundations for early European culture. The conclusion of the whole matter of “divine curse” or "servant of servants” theory has been well said by Huggins and Jackson, whose work has already been mentioned, in this wise: "Thus Cusbitic Babylonia and Chaldea, Hamitic Libya, black Nubia and Ethiopia, mulatto Egypt, and her offspring, Phoenicia, have served as patrons of commerce, navigation, arts, luxury, splendor and early human advancement, much of which is not surpassed today even with the aid of modern science and technique. In this wise, the black, EthiopHamitic races have been servants to the Semitico-Jephetic races, in the general advancement of mankind.” There is nothing to -the myth that Negroes have always been hewers of wood and drawers of water. The truth- is, all races hav3 made their contributions to the cultural advancement of mankind.

North Pole Explorer

Matthew Henson Was Peary’s Chief Aide in Dash to Pole

Matthew Henson likely never ■poke of "sitting on top of the *world” but he is one of the two people of the Nation ever to reach the top of the earth. Henson, a Negq*o, was with Commander Robert E. Peary when he discovered the North Pole April 6, 1909. He was Peary’s right-hand man in the expedition and closer to him in several respects than any other member of the expedition. Henson had previously accompanied Commander Peary on a surveying mission through Central America in 1887. He had been a sailor

many years before this time, and had been "to almost every port where a sailing ship could stick her nose". Commander Peary, it is said, found Henson’s resourcefulness very important in the daslj to the North Pole. Henson said they traveled eighteen to twenty hours a day in what he described as “killing work”. They were not able to carry food and other supplies for more" than fifty days and were therefore compelled to. make the best possible time traveling. They generally traveled at night and slept during

regions. * Henson went all over the country on^ecture tours under the directiop of William A. Brady, a theatrical manager of New York City. Brady appears to have been actuated wholly by a desire to help Henson make a living, for he took only $25 for his services, saying he would use the money to buy cigars for himself. Given Job By Taft By appointment of former President Taft, Henson got employment in the office of the Collector of Customs in New York and held the job for twenty-five years. He left on reaching the age of retirement. He was unable to get a full pension because he did not serve the thirty years required to do so. Mrs. Henson had employment in a bank and he occasionally was called io make a lecture after retiring from the Customs office job. Thus was eased the financial stress in which he found himself soon after the end of the great expedition. There are persons, fortunately, who deplore the fact that Henson never received the recognition that should have been his because of the important part he played in helping Peary. No geographical body or scientific Institute has seen fit as yet to accord him any recognition. Deterred Recognition Several years before his death the Bronx Chamber of Commerce gave him a silver loving cup. 'J'hat was the only indication of appreciation ever shown him by a public body. Commander McMillian, who was a member of the expedition that was successful in finding the North Pole, has been concerned deeply over the lack of recognition of Henson. He said: “If ever there was a man who deserves recognition, it is Henson”.

WIN THE WAR AND THE PEACE BUY MORE BONDS

There is still a variety of opinions, but until absolute proof of the contrary is forthcoming or has been presented we are justified in holding to the view that the black man represents the oldest type of civilization known to mankind. It is even estimated by some that the “Oldoway Man” of East Africa may be anywhere between 100,000 and 1,000,000 years old. The skeleton of this African man is infinitely older than anything yet found, although there have been found older fragments of

skeletons.

In the Hall of Ancient Man of the American Museum of Natural History the chronology of the ancient fossils gives precedence to the Piltdown Man as the oldest, dating back to the Pleistocene Age. generally estimated at 1,000,000 years and over. The late Henry Fairchild Osborn, former president of the Museum, has presented evidence that the Piltdown Man lived about 1.250,000 years ago and was the oldest fossil of man yet found, but his hypothesis has not as yet been generally accepted by paleontologists. Previous to Dr. Osborn’s new hypothesis, the honors of antiquity were generally bestowed upon the “Java Man” known as pithecanthropos erectus, estimated to have lived some 1,000,000 years ago. The Peking Man, found in China in 1929, was supposed to have been a contemparary of the “Java Man”. Next in antiquity is the Heidelberg Man, who lived in the First Interglacial Period, about 750,000 years ago. The Neanderthal Man is the last in the series coming before modern man. His age is comparatively recent, dating no farther back than 30,000 to 4*0,000 years. The fossil remains of this man found in Europe, have been paralleled and antedated by finds £n Africa, known as the “Kanam Man”, and the “Rhodesian Man”.

Antiquity of Africa The Kenya Colony and Tanganyika Territory of East Africa, have been found to be a veritable museum of prehistoric man. All through the pleistocene period, which covers about one million years and corresponds to Dr. Osborn’s “Age of Man”, East Africa was inhabited by human beings. Evidence of this is seen in the discovery of their stone implements —from the crudest'types imaginable to finished weapons.

illustrious traditions of black peo- j how many good Christians have pie in Egyptland. i ever stopped to think what ‘the Archaeologists, ethnologists, his- real Christ’ looked like? He was torians and other writers during J originally some insignificant-look-the last two hundred years have ' ing little black man who would done a great work in reshaping ; be barred from most of the Amerantiquity as a noble or heroic ican churches which bear his

background of the dominant peo- name.”

pie of the present age. Therefore -Gerald Massey has advanced the illustrious black race of an- considerable argument in support tiquity has been omitted. How- 1 of the theory that the Jews origiever, substantial evidences indi- nated in Africa. Again Abraham, cate that the black race is the their ancestor is said to have oldest in all the human family, | come from Chaldea. The ancient and that it has enjoyed a leading Chaldeans were black. Godfrey

role in a long course of human Higgins says, “The Chaldees were

events.

originally black”. Tacitus, Roman

Jews In Egypt historian, says in 80 A.D., that the According to the Bible, seventy Romans of his time believed that Jews went into the Egypt of black the Jews originated in Ethiopia. Pharaohs, rulers of black subjects, j Negroes lived many places in the The Bible says 600,000 men left Roman empire, and perhaps there the land. No account is given of were some black Jews in Rome, the women and children. Haus- | Rogers s«ys, “Moses himself hoffei* says the total of men, j was black. In all likelihood he women and children must have j was son °f a I’haraoh’s daughbeen more than three million. *«*■» which would account for hi* Since -Jews were slaves in adoption and rearing for the Egypt, their women must have < throne. The story of his finding suffered the lot of slave women i in the bullrushes is so identical

other times or lands. The with that told about Sargon, King

Jewish slave women must' have iroduced mixed offsprings. After 130 years, the original seventy r ews must have been obscured in ppearance, culture and traditions, n the vast land of Egypt. In reard to traditions Ahkenaton esablished the worship of one God n Egypt and the people did not at pork, nor do they eat it today. Through the centuries Jews have ome to resemble the natives of ndia, China and other nations of

of Babylon, who preceded him, that to some it seems doubtful. Moreover, this finding a child in the water is an old African tradition.” (The supposed oppressor of the Jews in Egypt. Pharaoh Merneptha, showed all marked characteristics of a Negro.) According to Biblical traditions when Jehovah wished to give Moses a sign, Moses was told to put his hand in his bosom. The hand came out white, according to

he world. Jews are more nearly the Bible. The miracle appears

i religious hegemony than an

-thnic or racial group. Moses, Egyptian Noble

Moses, “the law-giver of Israel” nd one of the central figures of ome • Christian traditions, was in 11 probability a black noble of Igypt by blood and training. Jews nost likely were originally a black >eoplf. References on this point nclude: “The Cambridge Encyclopedia”; “Analcalpsis”, by Godfrey Higgins; “Man in Search of His Soul”, by Gerald Massey; “The Historical and Mythical Christ”, by Gerald Massey, and “Sex and Race”, by J. A. Rogers. Other references include “Asi-

to lie in turning. a black skin white and turning it black again. The Moslems believed that Moses was black. Sir T. W. Arnold says (“The Preaching of Islam”), “According to Mohammedan traditions Moses was a black man, as may be seen from the following passage in the Koran, ‘Now draw thy hand close to thy side; it shall come forth white but unhurt (XX, 23). Then he drew forth his hand and lo! it was white to the beholders.’ The nobles of Pharaoh said, ‘Verily this is an expert enchanter’. The Septuagint, or Greek Bible agrees with the Koran.”

A LINK WITH ANTIQUITY: The Grimaldi, an ancient Negro people, lived over much of southern Europe, more than 20,OCX) years ago. Top, left to right, prehistoric European carvings, the Woman of Laussel and the \\ illendorf Venus; lower left, a reconstruction of the Grimaldi Woman, by Dr. Alfred Rutot (it was once housed in the Belgian Academy); and lower right, modern Hottentot woman. (Photos courtesy j. A. Rogers.)

THE VICTORY-PROGRESS EDITION CONSISTS OF 6 SECTIONS EACH SECTION 32 PAGES GET ALL 6 SECTION

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